Dasar Teori Penggunaan Ubuntu

1. sudo su

Digunakan untuk login sebagai root/pengguna tertinggi

2. login

Digunakan untuk login sebagai user lain, namun harus menjadi root dulu untuk bisa menjalankan peirntah ini.

3. Melihat tanggal dan waktu saat ini

$ date

Melihat bulan di tahun tertentu

$ cal [bulan] [tahun]

Melihat kalender pada tahun ini

$ cal –y

4. Melihat distro yang dipakai

$ hostname

Perintah ini akan menampilkan informasi system komputer anda, antara lain tipe mesin komputer, hostname, nama dan versi system operasi dan tipe prosesor. Informasi yang anda dapatkan sesuai dengan opsi yang anda berikan.

$ uname [options]

Option yang bisa ditambahkan adalah sebagai berikut :
-a, -all	menampilkan semua informasi
-m, -machine	menampilkan tipe mesin/perangkat keras
-n, -nodename	menampilkan hostname
-r, -release	menampilkan rilis dari kernel sistem operasi

5. Mencetak semua nama pengguna yang sedang login

Syntax :

$ who

Mencetak pengguna saat ini dan nama ID

Syntax :

$ whoami

6. pwd

Digunakan untuk memperlihatkan di direktori mana posisi kita berada sekarang.

Syntax :

$ pwd

7. man

Menampilkan bantuan untuk beberapa perintah

Syntax :

$ man [syntax]

Contoh : $ man ls

8. clear

Membersihkan / menghapus perintah di terminal

Syntax :

$ clear

9. apropos

Mengetahui perintah-perintah apa saja dilihat dari fungsinya secara massal

$ apropos [syntax]

10. what is

Mendapatkan informasi dari perintah secara singkat

$ whatis [syntax]

11. ls

Perintah ini berfungsi untuk menampilkan isi dari suatu directory beserta atribut filenya.

Syntax :

$ ls [option] OPTION	FUNGSI
-a	bila anda ingin menampilkan semua file dan folder, termasuk file dan folder yang tersembunyi
-A	sama dengan -a, tetapi tidak menampilkan direktori . dan ..
-C	menampilkan direktori dengan output berbentuk kolom
-d	menampilkan direktori saja, isi direktori tidak ditampilkan
-f	menampilkan isi direktori tanpa diurutkan
-l	menampilkan isi direktori secara lengkap, mulai dari hak akses, owner, group dan tanggal file atau direktori tersebut dibuat
-1	menampilkan isi direktori dengan format satu direktori per baris

12. touch

Digunakan untuk membuat file baru.

$ touch [nama_file]

13. mkdir

Digunakan membuat sebuah directory.

$ mkdir [nama direktori]

14. cd

Digunakan untuk berpindah direktori

$ cd [alamat_direktori]

15. cp

Digunakan untuk melakukan copy file.

$ cp /[direktori]/[file_yang_ingin_dicopy] /[direktori tujuan]

16. mv

Digunakan untuk melakukan memindahkan, cut atau rename file.

$ mv /[direktori]/[file_yang_ingin_dicut] /[direktori tujuan] (cut)

$ mv /[direktori]/[file_yang_ingin_direname] /[nama_baru_file] (rename)

17. rm

Digunakan untuk menghapus file.

$ rm [nama_file]

rmdir

Digunakan untuk menghapus direktori.

$ rmdir [nama_file]

rm –rf

Digunakan menghapus direktori yang didalamnya terdapat file

18. more

Digunakan untuk menampilkan isi sebuah file

$ more [nama_file]

19. cat

Kita akan menggunakan perintah cat yang telah tersedia secara default di shell linux.

Syntax :

$ cat > [nama_file]

Cat dapat juga digunakan untuk memasukkan sebuah isi dari suatu file ke dalam file yang lain.

Syntax :

$ cat file1 file2 file3 > file4

20. cut

Mendefinisikan suatu file yang berisi data berdasarkan kolom

$ cut [option] file

 FACEBOOK and ALAYERS

       I think all of you have been used and have an account facebook. Facebook became popular in Indonesia since 2008, and its greatly improved a lot in 2009. Here I do not discuss the history or development of facebook in Indonesia, but is more focused on the user's facebook infected the virus Alay.

   think all of you familiar with the term of Alay, but what true definition of the alay word ? And who's the first person which create the Alay vocabulary? Until now, I never found the answer.

 In wikipedia,  Alay (or 4L4Y, Anak Layangan or Anak Lebay) is a pop culture phenomenon in Indonesia. It is a stereotype describing something “tacky” and “cheesy” (norak or kampungan, only in Indonesian).[1] The Alay culture phenomena spans over a wide array of styles in music, dress, and messaging. It has often been compared to that of the Jejemon phenomenon originating from the Philippines. Although, the former emerged much later and the latter was even admired in the west.

Then what is the relationship alay with facebook? Are all of facebook users can be classified as alayers?

I think Alay is a teenager syndrome, who are new of know technology or other things, and want to express themselves but in the wrong way. Why they often use facebook? I think, because in other social networking sites tend there are a little alayers in there, so they feel not comfortable to express themselves.

Characteristics of teenagers who infected Alay virus :

      First, using facebook name unusual and difficult to read, such as "akkkuuUuwh 4n4k 4LaY", "yOg4iiaaAankkc3daNgpaTaahhAti". In here they express themselves to tell others what they are feeling and hope a condolence.

 Second, write an SMS or comment on facebok with capital letters, small letters or change letters to numbers, and a variety of abbreviations excessive. Like, when writing SMS or comment on facebook "caaAiiaank k4amuuh gie pa3nnzz?!? &%”.  In Here alayers trying to typing paper as beautiful as possible and hope that the person who receives the message was amazed when reading it. If the person receiving the message is a alayers too, then he will feel challenged and responded by writing more alay again. But if the person receiving the message is the healthy (normal) then he will condemn the sender of the message, because it requires a keen eye and a strong faith to read it.

 Third, put a profile picture with exaggerated poses cute ass and usually take a background in the bedroom. And put a tacky facial expressions despite having countrified face. Alayers usually prefer to photograph himself by himself. Here, alayers hope others who see his picture on facebook feel interested and want to praise him with the cute ass pose. Although the actual sacrificing of himself price.

                       

 Fourth, always make a facebook status every minute or every second, and the status contains of the complaints, sadness status or tacky expression that excessive.

 The alayers actually is a teenager who have little role in real life and want to express themselves in the virtual world. Such Syndrome usually affect teenagers who are new to know love, technology, fashion, and other matters.

 So, are you an alayers? If yes, immediately repent. Because if it is chronic can damage your personality in the real world and the  risk  will damage your future. Honestly I was be alayer, feel so cool and most exist on facebook, but after I got enlightenment from some great teachers, a virus that attacks me can be cured and my future was saved.

By : I Dewa Bagus Gde Khrisna Jayanta Nugraha (125150207111099)

ATLANTIS,  A CIVILIZATION MORE ADVANCED THAN CURRENT TECHNOLOGY

            Have you heard of super high civilization which is then said to be lost in the ocean and the land was called atlantis? And more horrendous again, there is a notion that atlantis was ago located in the territory of Indonesia. But here I am not talking about the whereabouts of Atlantis, but the discovery of the scientists of very high technology which is used by the Nation of Atlantis.

Atlantis was first raised by a philosopher named Plato in Timaeus and Critias book. In his book, Plato wrote that Atlantis lies "beyond the pillars of Hercules", has a fertile land and natural beauty like a paradise, super high technology, and have a navy that defeated Western Europe and Africa around the year 9500 BC. After the failed attack Greek, Atlantis sank into the ocean, in one day and one night.

            According to Edgar Cayce, American spiritualist, Temple of Atlantis puts a giant generator crystal surrounded by other crystals, as a source of power and energy, as well as a source of electricity and helpful to heal any kind of diseases.

            Atlantis in the ancient times has been mastered the technology of space exploration very well. Evidenced a few years ago when Chinese archaeologists found a miraculous document in the Lhasa area. They brought it to the University Chandrigradh it for translation. Dr.Ruth Reyna who translated the document was shocked. Because the contents of the document are instructions to made a spaceship!!! How making according to the document is based on the anti-gravity and an analog system called laghima, a kind of power source. According to an expert yoga Hinduism, laghima is a science that can make the rulers fly.  According to this document, the flying vehicle called Astras.

            Atlantis nation time ago have used nuclear weapons as war. Proven when scientists found that the debris and human skulls were found in Mohenjo-Daroo containing radio-active residue that can only be produced by large-scale thermonuclear blast.

            In 1972 ago, there was an incredible discovery which may further reinforce the notion that the truth of past civilization has experienced the era of the discovery of Nuclear Reactor mine two billion years old at Oklo, Republic of Gabon.

            In 1972, there was a company (French) that imports from the Oklo uranium ore minerals in the Republic of Gabon, Africa to be processed. They were surprised by the his findings, because the imported uranium ore had already been processed and utilized previously, and the amount of uranium in a nuclear reactor waste is almost the same. This discovery has attracted the scientists who came to Oklo for a study, the research results indicate the presence of a large-scale nuclear reactor in prehistoric times, with a capacity of about 500 tons of uranium ore in six regions, supposedly can generate power of 100 thousand watts. Mine the nuclear reactors are well maintained, with a lay-out that makes sense, and has been in operation for 500 thousand years.

            Which made people more amazed again is that mining waste that nuclear reactors are limited, not widespread in the area of ​​40 meters around the mines . If seen from a nuclear reaction technique existing arrangement, the structuring mine reactor technique was much better than now, which very embarrassing scientists now is when we're hungover to addressing the problem nuclear waste, human prehistory has been know how to take advantage of the natural topography to save nuclear waste.

            The Oklo uranium mine in roughly built two billion years, after the evidence of geological data, and not long after a mine, then built a nuclear reactor. Responding to the results of this research the scientists acknowledge that this is an ancient nuclear reactors, which have changed during this textbook, as well as giving us a lesson on how to handle nuclear waste. And make the scientists inevitably have to study seriously the possibility of the existence of prehistoric civilization, in other words that the nuclear reactor is a product of human civilization.

            As known, the mastery of atomic technology by human beings, there was in the period of a few decades ago, with the discovery of this at once explains that in two billion years ago there was already a technology that exceeds our current civilization, and will fully understand the how to use it.

            I wrote this based on some information from the internet and I summarize into an article. And sorry if my english language still much is not right.

By: I Dewa Bagus Gde Khrisna Jayanta Nugraha (125150207111099)